The direct connection of column splices using Partial Joint Penetration groove welds with a Penetration percentage between 40% - 60% of the thickness of the column section was common until the Northridge and Kobe earthquakes. With the poor performance of beam-to-column welding connections after the Northridge earthquake and column splice welding connections after the Kobe earthquake, new design details and executive instructions were added to the regulations and the use of Partial Joint Penetration ((PJP)) welding in moment frame structures was prohibited and designers were required to use complete Joint Penetration (CJP) welding (AISC 341-10). With experimental and numerical studies conducted on (PJP) welding with a higher Penetration percentage in I-shaped sections, the possibility of using (PJP) welds with a Penetration percentage of 85% was confirmed in the regulations (AISC 341-16). All previous studies were conducted on the behavior of (PJP) groove welds in I-shaped sections. in this study, a 3D finite element numerical model was simulated in Abaqus software in order to investigate the behavior of the column splice and the failure and spread of damage in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). By ensuring the proper performance of the finite element model, 33 box-shaped column splices have been modeled, and the effects of parameters such as Penetration weld percentage, column thickness and cross-sectional dimensions on the column splice behavior has been evaluated.

Introduction: Partial fibulectomy has been suggested for patients who encounter with severe varus/valgus or ununited fractures of the tibia. This study develops a finite element (FE) model of Partial fibulectomy to study stress distribution in the tibiofemoral Joint. Materials and Methods: A 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based of tibiofemoral Joint and FE model was developed for study from a man volunteer with the normal left knee. Components consisted of the exact geometry of femur, tibia, fibula, meniscus, and articular cartilages. Firstly, geometries were constructed in Mimics and then exported to Rapid Forming XOR2 and finally, the Computer-aided design (CAD) model was analyzed in ABAQUS 6. 10. Mechanical properties of the model for soft tissues were considered to be linear elastic, isotropic and homogenous and for bony parts were considered to be rigid. Results: Model predictions were compared with normal one and used to derive stress distribution under physiological loading for standing in quasi-static condition. The results showed load transferring toward lateral condyle due to Partial fibulectomy. The variation of stress distribution would increase the risk of osteoarthritis. Conclusion: Our results have been predicted that Partial fibulectomy could be an unknown risk factor for osteoarthritis and the model could be used for extended similar studies.

Determining the optimal selling price and inventory control policy for deteriorating items is one of the important issues in academic and industrial researches. In this paper, a Joint pricing and inventory control model for deteriorating items is considered. The demand rate is known, continuous and functions of price and time. Shortages are allowed and Partially backlogged, where the backlogging rate is variable and dependent on the waiting time for the next replenishment. The objective is to determine the optimal selling price, the length of time in which there is no inventory shortage, replenishment cycle time, and order quantity such that the total profit per unit time has a maximum value. For any given selling price, we first show that the optimal replenishment exist and unique. Next, we prove that the total profit is a concave function of price when the replenishment schedule is given. Then, a simple algorithm is developed to find the optimal solution. Finally, we use a numerical example to illustrate the model and the algorithm.

In this paper, the stress intensity factor (SIF) expression for defected butt welds containing undercut and inclined lack of Penetration (LOP) subject to far-field tensile stress is derived. Some of the standards such as ISO 5817 and BS EN 25817 have specified allowable limits for the length of the undercut and LOP defects and for the height of the weld. In addition, EN 29692 standard has determined an acceptable range for the groove angle. In this paper, the effect of these acceptable geometries on stress intensity factor (SIF) of butt welded Joint is investigated through following steps: i) elastic analyses to predict crack tip stress intensity (KI, KII) and shape factors, ii) approximation of shape factors by Response Surface Method (RSM). These expressions provide design guidelines for welded butt Joint containing unavoidable undercut and inclined lack of Penetration (LOP) defects.

Objective: Intra-articular screw Penetration is a probable complication of coronoid fracture fixation. Thepresent study aimed to determine the best radiography technique for visualizing the proximal radioulnar Joint(PRUJ) space. Moreover, it aimed to determine the safe angle and length of the screw to avoid PRUJ Penetrationduring coronoid fracture fixation.Methods: The Mimics software was used to construct a three-dimensional model of a healthy man’s forearmfrom a computer tomography scan. It was analyzed using the Solidworks software to determine the X-ray anglethat clearly showed the PRUJ space to detect Penetration of screws from the coronoid process into the PRUJand determine the maximum screw angle and length that could be used without intra-articular Penetration. Toverify these findings, a cadaveric study combined with radiographs was conducted.Results: To visualize PRUJ space, the optimal X-ray angle was 13º lateral to the perpendicular line when theforearm was positioned at full supination. If the coronoid process was segmented into zones 1 (closest to theradioulnar Joint) to 4 (farthest from the Joint), the screw could only be inserted at a right angle in zone 1. In zones2, 3, and 4, inclination angles less than 15, 35, and 60 would prevent intra-articular Penetration, respectively.Conclusions: The X-rays could visualize the PRUJ space with an anteroposterior radiograph at an angle of13º ulnar deviation from the perpendicular plane. During coronoid process fracture fixation, shorter screwswith less lateral inclination were safer when inserting screws in the zones of the coronoid process adjacent tothe PRUJ.

Study of occlusion and its relation with masticatory system is an important subject in dentistry. As the teeth are one part of this system and have close relation to muscles and temporomandibular Joint they can cause change in some parts of masticatory system. In this study temporomandibular Joint of 125 Partial edentulous patients were examined in oral diagnosis department of dental school of Rafsanjan, during 7 interrupted months in 1998. Frequency of patient who had temporomandibular Joint disorders was 76.8% and only 35.4% of patients were aware of these problems. The most pathologic finding of temporomandibular Joint was clicking and most incidence of disorders were seen in angle class 2 and group function occlusion. With increase in the duration of edentulous periode the temporomandibularJoint disorder were increased. The most temporomandibular Joint disorders were in free end edentulous patients and the most premature contacts were seen in protrusive movements. The result of this study showed Partial edentulous can cause temporomandibular Joint disorders therefore it is recommended to advise patients for replacement of teeth to prevent irreversible temporomandibular Joint problemes.

Alarm systems are essential in safe operation of industrial plants. Since many process variables are interacting with each other, so in this paper, an approximate method is introduced to design and analysis of a multivariate alarm system. In this method, the alarm system is designed base on Joint indices. The Joint FAR and Joint MAR are defined for a m-variable alarm system thanks to multivariate Markov scheme. In proposed method, the alarm Joint indices are defined by solving a Linear Programing (LP) optimization problem. By defining Joint indices, tuning of the alarm parameters (like, threshold and etc. ) can be done by these indices instead of correlation analysis. In this paper, penalty scenario and Genetic algorithm are used for alarm generation, and parameter optimization in Tennessee Eastman (TE) Process. The results of proposed method are compared with other methods.